

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Trainer comments
المؤلف:
George Hoefflin & Linda Allal
المصدر:
Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Assessment
الجزء والصفحة:
P113-C11
2025-06-20
609
Trainer comments
The trainer's workload turned out to be quite important, because, after reading the portfolios, the trainer not only assessed them (in terms of minimal scores to be obtained for course validation), but he also formulated appropriate written comments. As our assessment objective was mainly formative (certification only takes place at the end of a long process involving three courses and two problem-solving exercises), the trainer's comments either suggested additional directions of reflective thought or proposed useful constructive criticism regarding the student-teacher's academic and professional development. The time invested by the trainer was largely rewarded by the richness of the script provided by the student-teachers. Not only could the trainer observe each student's level of reflective thought and knowledge integration, but he could also benefit from genuine insight into the professional activity of the student-teachers. Thus, for most students a few written comments turned out to be sufficient to assure regulation of their progression. In other cases, if the reflective approach seemed inadequate and the entire portfolio (synthesis and discussion) was judged insufficient, a meeting was arranged to negotiate an addendum.
During this round of evaluation, we observed a normal distribution of student-teachers' outcomes, with three at each extremity of the distribution; these were either required to produce a negotiated addendum after regulation, or they produced very high level work in terms of their theoretical synthesis as well as of the discussion of their academic and professional practice. The remainder (44 students) were to be found at the center of the distribution. We would also like to highlight the fact that, after receiving feedback, five student-teachers requested meetings with the trainer to discuss cases of specific pupils experiencing problems who were presented in the portfolio sections. Finally, after reading the portfolios, the trainer obtained a "snapshot " of the cohort including, on the one hand, a general impression of the student-teachers' reflective abilities and, on the other hand, an idea of the diversity of their professional engagements (Behrens, 1999). This significantly assisted the trainer in adapting the course by providing complementary information.
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