

Grammar


Tenses


Present

Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous


Past

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past Perfect

Past Perfect Continuous


Future

Future Simple

Future Continuous

Future Perfect

Future Perfect Continuous


Parts Of Speech


Nouns

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verbal nouns

Singular and Plural nouns

Proper nouns

Nouns gender

Nouns definition

Concrete nouns

Abstract nouns

Common nouns

Collective nouns

Definition Of Nouns

Animate and Inanimate nouns

Nouns


Verbs

Stative and dynamic verbs

Finite and nonfinite verbs

To be verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Modal verbs

Regular and irregular verbs

Action verbs

Verbs


Adverbs

Relative adverbs

Interrogative adverbs

Adverbs of time

Adverbs of place

Adverbs of reason

Adverbs of quantity

Adverbs of manner

Adverbs of frequency

Adverbs of affirmation

Adverbs


Adjectives

Quantitative adjective

Proper adjective

Possessive adjective

Numeral adjective

Interrogative adjective

Distributive adjective

Descriptive adjective

Demonstrative adjective


Pronouns

Subject pronoun

Relative pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Reciprocal pronoun

Possessive pronoun

Personal pronoun

Interrogative pronoun

Indefinite pronoun

Emphatic pronoun

Distributive pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns


Pre Position


Preposition by function

Time preposition

Reason preposition

Possession preposition

Place preposition

Phrases preposition

Origin preposition

Measure preposition

Direction preposition

Contrast preposition

Agent preposition


Preposition by construction

Simple preposition

Phrase preposition

Double preposition

Compound preposition

prepositions


Conjunctions

Subordinating conjunction

Correlative conjunction

Coordinating conjunction

Conjunctive adverbs

conjunctions


Interjections

Express calling interjection

Phrases

Sentences


Grammar Rules

Passive and Active

Preference

Requests and offers

wishes

Be used to

Some and any

Could have done

Describing people

Giving advices

Possession

Comparative and superlative

Giving Reason

Making Suggestions

Apologizing

Forming questions

Since and for

Directions

Obligation

Adverbials

invitation

Articles

Imaginary condition

Zero conditional

First conditional

Second conditional

Third conditional

Reported speech

Demonstratives

Determiners


Linguistics

Phonetics

Phonology

Linguistics fields

Syntax

Morphology

Semantics

pragmatics

History

Writing

Grammar

Phonetics and Phonology

Semiotics


Reading Comprehension

Elementary

Intermediate

Advanced


Teaching Methods

Teaching Strategies

Assessment
Application of the SOLO taxonomy
المؤلف:
Cathy S.P. Wong
المصدر:
Enhancing Teaching and Learning through Assessment
الجزء والصفحة:
P6-C1
2025-05-23
1456
Application of the SOLO taxonomy
Biggs and Collis (1982) have demonstrated how the SOLO taxonomy can be applied to a variety of subjects, from poetry to elementary mathematics. Studies have also shown that the SOLO taxonomy is useful in a number of disciplines (Boulton-Lewis, 1994; Campbell et al., 1998; Chick, 1998; Burnett, 1999; Lake, 1999; Chan et al., 2002).
To examine beliefs about learning, Boulton-Lewis (1994) uses the SOLO taxonomy. Based on the one-page statements collected from 21 lecturers and 869 students across 5 faculties in the Queensland University of Technology, she finds that the SOLO taxonomy has provided a useful model for deriving different levels of knowledge of learning.
Campbell, Smith and Brooker (1998) have demonstrated how, through the application of the SOLO taxonomy, the different conceptual structures of essay writing can be differentiated among learners. Thus, clearer instructional goals can be geared towards improving students' essay writing skills.
The complexity of mathematical cognition can also be characterized by the SOLO taxonomy (Chick, 1998). Her study shows that "mathematical research outcomes, indicative of formal-2 cognition, can be depicted using a mapping procedure and then evaluated for structure and complexity using the SOLO taxonomy" (Chick, 1998, p.24).
In Burneet’s (1999) study, the taxonomy is applied to assess the structure of learning gained from counselling.
From the written responses of 35 clients on the benefits from counselling, it is found that a set of expanded SOLO indicators offers a promising and exciting way to view the outcomes of counselling within a learning framework.
Lake (1999) reports on how the SOLO taxonomy has been adapted to teach tertiary students to read meaning into graphs and tables. By designing a four-step template of generalized questions based on SOLO, the author can "not only promote a better understanding of specific biological concepts, but also provide students with a useful tool to develop their underlying scientific competency and critical numeracy" (Lake, 1999, p.197).
Chan, Tsui, Chan and Hong (2002) compare three educational taxonomies: the SOLO taxonomy, Bloom's taxonomy, and the reflective thinking measurement model. Two empirical studies on 28 postgraduate students of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University were carried out to investigate which of the three taxonomies is more suitable for assessing students' cognitive learning outcomes. Results show that, in spite of the conceptual ambiguity inherent in the SOLO taxonomy, it is suitable for "measuring cognitive attainment of students of different classes, subjects, levels and with different assignment requirements" (Chan et al., 2002, p.518).
The applicability of the SOLO taxonomy is well illustrated by the above studies.
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