Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Passive and Active
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Assessment
ATTENTION2 (ATTENTIONAL CAPACITY)
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P24
2025-07-28
60
+
-
20
ATTENTION2 (ATTENTIONAL CAPACITY)
Attention involves mental effort, with some tasks requiring more than others. However, the capacity of our working memory (WM) is regarded as limited; our ability to carry out two tasks simultaneously thus depends upon how much of that capacity each task demands.
An influential model (Kahneman, 1973) represents attention as using up memory capacity but makes allowance for other contributory factors:
variations in the working memory capacity of each individual;
variations in the affective state of the individual (tired, depressed);
variations in the motivation of the individual.
Visual attention in particular is sometimes likened to a spotlight which lights up a chosen portion of the visual field. Like a spotlight, it can be highly focused or diffuse. Where a task makes heavy demands, attention is concentrated very closely on a target. Where a task demands fewer attentional resources, there seems to be a peripheral area to which partial attention is given. Thus, adjacent letters may influence a reader’s ability to perform a letter identification task.
As well as influencing models of first-language reading and listening, the notion of attention plays a part in theories of second language acquisition. There, an important issue is: Do we have to notice (give attentional focus to) the form of a word or of a grammatical structure in order to acquire it? To what extent is our attention directed towards meaning in an L2 communicative situation and away from the form of words that a native-speaker is using?
See also: Automaticity, Working memory
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
