Grammar
Tenses
Present
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Past
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Past Perfect
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Future
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Definition Of Nouns
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Pronouns
Subject pronoun
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Pre Position
Preposition by function
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Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
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Double preposition
Compound preposition
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Subordinating conjunction
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Express calling interjection
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wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
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Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
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Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
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Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
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Phonological description Introduction
المؤلف:
Valerie Youssef and Winford James
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
514-30
2024-04-12
834
+
-
20
Phonological description
Introduction
Firstly, we must acknowledge considerable phonological variability in both islands and a situation of ongoing flux in the language varieties caused by internal and external influences upon them. It is unclear whether the language varieties are achieving a measure of overall stability in relation to one another or whether there is a steady process of decreolization brought about by the overarching effect of English in education.
In public contexts too, the upper mesolect is merging to some extent with the Standard in general usage with the result that many educators are not entirely clear on their separate and distinct features. So where we might still expect to hear Standard English, as for example in church or school, a pseudo-acrolect is emerging within which both grammatical and phonological features often show variability (cf. Youssef, James and Ferreira 2001). Some speakers, constrained towards Standard, but limited in its grammar, imitate a pseudo Standard ‘accent’ with which they are not very familiar, and a great deal of variation results.
It is worth noting again that we may link Trinidad and Tobago more readily at the acrolectal and mesolectal levels but, beyond this, need to consider the Tobagonian basilect separately.
الاكثر قراءة في Phonology
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر مجموعة قصصية بعنوان (قلوب بلا مأوى)
