Fricatives

Several processes have been noted with regard to fricatives in Gullah. According to Turner, the voiceless bilabial fricative [ɸ] is found in words such as fall and staff, where StAmE has [f]. And the voiced bilabial fricative appears in words such as river, very, we, and while where StAmE has either [v] or [w] (1971: 129; 2002: 241). Turner observes a process by which the alveolar fricative [s] is used instead of StAmE [ʃ] in words such as shrimp and shrink (1971: 129; 2002: 245– 246). And he also observes word-initial intrusive [h] in words such as umbrella, artichoke, and empty (1971: 129).

Based on the current speaker’s pronunciations, it appears that there is also a process by which word-initial [h] is deleted. Note in the reading list that the speaker pronounces happy as [api]. This speaker also variably pronounces he as [hi] and [i] in the reading passage. This latter pronunciation may be phonetically motivated (either by the same process affecting happy or by some more general fast-speech phenomenon) or morphologically motivated, given the fact that Gullah speakers often employ a gender-neutral pronoun [i] in place of he, she, or it.

Finally, it is observed by Turner that the interdental fricatives [ð] and [θ] are replaced by [d] and [t], respectively, in Gullah, in words such as this, brother, month, and think (1971: 128; 2002: 245). This process of fricative stopping is clearly still in effect in modern-day Gullah, as exhibited by the current speaker’s pronunciations of words like mouth, north, thought, the, than, then, etc. For this speaker, however, an alternative substitution for [θ] appears to be the alveolar fricative [s]. This substitution is found in the speaker’s pronunciations of the words bath, cloth, and, variably, north.

اخر الاخبار

اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة

قسم العلاقات العامة يختتم فعاليات محطات فتية الكفيل الثقافية في محافظة نينوى

ما الخدمات التي قدّمها موكب أشبال الطفّ لزائري عاشوراء؟

العتبة العباسية المقدسة تنظّم مسيرات عزائية لإحياء ذكرى عاشوراء في نينوى

قسم الشؤون الفكرية يحيي ذكرى استشهاد الإمام الحسين (عليه السلام) في القارة الإفريقية

المزيد

الآخبار الصحية

تناول الجبن.. مفيد للجسم أم خطر يهدد صحتك؟

طبيبة أسنان تحذر.. لا تتجاهل هذه العلامة بعد التنظيف

يجب أن تأكل المزيد من الشمام هذا الصيف.. إليك السبب ؟

تأثير صحي كبير.. كم بيضة يجب أن تتناول يوميا؟

المزيد

الآخبار التكنلوجية

أداء خلايا البيروفسكايت الشمسية تحت الماء قد يزيد كفاءة تحويل الكهرباء

مسافة الأمان: أساس القيادة الآمنة وتجنب الحوادث

هل القيادة السريعة تعني استهلاك اكثر للوقود؟

لماذا يعتبر كوكب المريخ غير صالح للحياة؟

المزيد

مواضيع ذات صلة

Spelling and Pronunciation SUMMARY

American English vs. British English

Morphological Basis of English Spelling

Phoneme–Grapheme Correspondences in English Vowels

Phoneme–Grapheme Correspondences in English Consonants

Spelling and Pronunciation Irregularity of English Spelling

Structural Factors in Second Language Phonology SUMMARY

Perception

Optimality Theory (OT)

Ontogeny Phylogeny Model (OPM)

Markedness

Hypercontrast