أقرأ أيضاً
التاريخ: 13-10-2020
1473
التاريخ: 7-11-2019
1496
التاريخ: 4-6-2018
1338
التاريخ: 15-3-2021
1625
|
Can genes be patented ?
A gene patent is the exclusive rights to a specific sequence of DNA (a gene) given by a government to the individual, organization, or corporation who claims to have first identified the gene. Once granted a gene patent, the holder of the patent dictates how the gene can be used, in both commercial settings, such as clinical genetic testing, and in noncommercial settings, including research, for 20 years from the date of the patent. Gene patents have often resulted in companies having sole ownership of genetic testing for patented genes.
On June 13, 2013, in the case of the Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that human genes cannot be patented in the U.S. because DNA is a "product of nature."
The Court decided that because nothing new is created when discovering a gene, there is no intellectual property to protect, so patents cannot be granted. Prior to this ruling, more than 4,300 human genes were patented. The Supreme Court's decision invalidated those gene patents, making the genes accessible for research and for commercial genetic testing.
The Supreme Court's ruling did allow that DNA manipulated in a lab is eligible to be patented because DNA sequences altered by humans are not found in nature. The Court specifically mentioned the ability to patent a type of DNA known as complementary DNA (cDNA). This synthetic DNA is produced from the molecule that serves as the instructions for making proteins (called messenger RNA).
|
|
صنع الذكريات والتفكير يدمر الدماغ.. دراسة تشرح السبب
|
|
|
|
|
الصين.. عودة كاسحتي الجليد إلى شنغهاي بعد انتهاء بعثة استكشافية إلى القطب الجنوبي
|
|
|
|
العتبة العباسية تختتم فعاليات حفل سنّ التكليف الشرعي المركزي لطالبات المدارس في كربلاء
|
|
العتبة العباسية تكرم المساهمين بنجاح حفل التكليف الشرعي للطالبات
|
|
ضمن فعاليات حفل التكليف الشرعي.. السيد الصافي يلتقط صورة جماعية مع الفتيات المكلفات
|
|
حفل الورود الفاطمية يشهد عرضًا مسرحيًّا حول أهمية التكليف
|