Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Animate and Inanimate nouns
Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adverbs
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pronouns
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
prepositions
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
conjunctions
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Phrases
Sentences
Clauses
Part of Speech
Grammar Rules
Passive and Active
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Demonstratives
Determiners
Direct and Indirect speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
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Teaching Strategies
Assessment
Cognitive approaches to grammar summery
المؤلف:
Vyvyan Evans and Melanie Green
المصدر:
Cognitive Linguistics an Introduction
الجزء والصفحة:
C14-P506
2026-02-10
45
+
-
20
Cognitive approaches to grammar summery
In this chapter we have set out the characteristics of a cognitive approach to grammar. A cognitive approach adopts two fundamental assumptions:
the symbolic thesis and the usage-based thesis. The resulting model assumes that a speaker’s knowledge of language or mental grammar emerges from his or her experience of situated usage events. We identified two main types of cognitive model: inventory-based approaches and the ‘Grammatical Subsystem Approach’ developed by Talmy. The inventory-based approaches include Cognitive Grammar and constructional approaches, and are concerned with accounting for the entire inventory of symbolic units. In addition to these two types of model, we mentioned a number of cognitive approaches to grammaticalisation which are informed in various ways by cognitive linguistic theory. We also introduced some essential grammatical terms that we rely upon throughout Part III of the book. Finally, we set out some of the defining characteristics of a cognitive approach to grammar. We saw that a cognitive model represents knowledge of language in the mind of the speaker as a structured inventory of conventional symbolic units. Within this structured inventory, there is a qualitative distinction between open-class and closed-class symbolic units, a distinction that has also been expressed in terms of a distinction between lexical and grammatical subsystems. The inventory is structured by schema-instance relations in which more schematic symbolic units or schemas are abstracted from experience of more specific symbolic units or instances. The cognitive model we sketch here is not a specific theory, but is based on points of similarity across a number of cognitive approaches, each of which we explore in more detail in subsequent chapters.
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
اخر الاخبار
اخبار العتبة العباسية المقدسة
الآخبار الصحية
مواضيع ذات صلة
قسم الشؤون الفكرية يصدر كتاباً يوثق تاريخ السدانة في العتبة العباسية المقدسة
"المهمة".. إصدار قصصي يوثّق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة فتوى الدفاع المقدسة للقصة القصيرة
(نوافذ).. إصدار أدبي يوثق القصص الفائزة في مسابقة الإمام العسكري (عليه السلام)
