Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Passive and Active
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Assessment
IMPLICIT LEARNING
المؤلف:
John Field
المصدر:
Psycholinguistics
الجزء والصفحة:
P127
2025-08-30
47
IMPLICIT LEARNING
The acquisition of information without an awareness on the learner’s part that learning has occurred; the reverse of explicit learning. Not to be confused with incidental learning, where information or skills are acquired which were not part of the original learning intention or task.
It has been argued that implicit learning may play a part in second language acquisition. Experiments have been conducted with artificial grammars consisting of strings of letters whose order and co occurrence is determined by specific rules. After extended exposure to these letter strings, subjects have proved capable, at a level higher than chance, of distinguishing strings which are ‘grammatical’ (permissible) from those which are not. However, this result may be attributable to an ‘analogy’ effect, where subjects learn to recognise certain recurrent patterns rather than necessarily accessing the rules which underlie them. Questions have also been raised as to whether the acquisition of a ‘grammar’ of this kind can be said to model the acquisition of normal grammatical rules. The grammar can be said to possess ‘phrase structure’ but it is not meaningful or contextualised in the way that natural language data is; nor is there any speaker-listener interaction to support acquisition.
See also: Incidental learning
Further reading: Ellis (1994)
الاكثر قراءة في Linguistics fields
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