Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Passive and Active
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Philippine English
المؤلف:
Ma. Lourdes G. Tayao
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
1048-62
2024-06-16
1087
Philippine English
PhlE is used extensively in different domains by educated Filipinos throughout the Philippines. As early as 1969, studies were conducted describing Philippine English as a variety of General American English and recommending that it be taught instead of gAmE in Philippine schools. T. Llamzon (1997: 43), a pioneer in establishing the existence of Standard Filipino English and describing it, pointed out in one of his more recent studies that Filipinos are willing to copy American English, but only up to a point especially where spoken English is concerned:
… an approximation of the English formal style is what they want. They retain something of their identity – in their lack of the nasal twang, in the careful articulation of individual syllables, and in their refusal to use the “reduced signals” of the informal conversational style of American English. … when educated Filipinos speak to their fellow Filipinos, they speak English the Filipino way.
The status of Standard Philippine English was also taken up by McKaughan (1993: 52), who pointed out that “Philippine English has emerged as an autonomous variety of English with its own self-contained system. It has its own distinct accent. The differences in form in Philippine English are not deficiencies but distinct forms belonging to the Philippine English speech fellowship … As to accent, any of the varieties, so long as they are from educated Filipino speakers can model good Philippine English.”
Socio-political developments resulting from changes in language attitudes characterized by objections to a monolithic or single standard of language performance in English, along with the current emphasis on varieties of English, have brought to the fore renewed interest in Philippine English which has been evolving through the years.
I describe the phonological features of Philippine English citing whenever possible, reasons to explain differences between PhlE and its `matrilect’ gAmE.