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Consonant quality and vocalization
المؤلف:
Laurie Bauer and Paul Warren
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
595-33
2024-04-20
914
Consonant quality and vocalization
Both /r/ and /l/ are devoiced in stressed onset position when preceded by a voiceless plosive. In this position, /l/ is usually pronounced [ɬ], though /r/ is not consistently fricated. Devoicing following voiceless fricatives (in words like free, flea, slide, shrimp) is much less marked, and may be absent. We find fricative /r/ after both /t/ and /d/, voiceless in the first case, voiced in the second, e.g. in train and drain.
Like RP, New Zealand English has clearly different allophones of /l/ in onset and in coda position. In onset position we usually find a slightly velarized lateral, [Iɤ]. In coda position there is variation between a ‘darker’ lateral, perhaps [Iʔ], and a vowel of variable quality. This vocalized /l/ may merge with the preceding vowel (and recall that the number of contrasts before /l/ is diminished) to form a diphthong, or it may form a disyllabic sequence. Some typical outcomes are transcribed below.
One of the results of this is that most New Zealand speakers do not have a dental allophone of /l/, since the places where dental allophones arise in other varieties are precisely those where there is a vowel in New Zealand English.
Following /θ/, /r/ is variably realized as [ɾ] in words like through, three.
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