Grammar
Tenses
Present
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
Past Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Past Simple
Future
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Future Perfect
Future Perfect Continuous
Passive and Active
Parts Of Speech
Nouns
Countable and uncountable nouns
Verbal nouns
Singular and Plural nouns
Proper nouns
Nouns gender
Nouns definition
Concrete nouns
Abstract nouns
Common nouns
Collective nouns
Definition Of Nouns
Verbs
Stative and dynamic verbs
Finite and nonfinite verbs
To be verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Modal verbs
Regular and irregular verbs
Action verbs
Adverbs
Relative adverbs
Interrogative adverbs
Adverbs of time
Adverbs of place
Adverbs of reason
Adverbs of quantity
Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of affirmation
Adjectives
Quantitative adjective
Proper adjective
Possessive adjective
Numeral adjective
Interrogative adjective
Distributive adjective
Descriptive adjective
Demonstrative adjective
Pronouns
Subject pronoun
Relative pronoun
Reflexive pronoun
Reciprocal pronoun
Possessive pronoun
Personal pronoun
Interrogative pronoun
Indefinite pronoun
Emphatic pronoun
Distributive pronoun
Demonstrative pronoun
Pre Position
Preposition by function
Time preposition
Reason preposition
Possession preposition
Place preposition
Phrases preposition
Origin preposition
Measure preposition
Direction preposition
Contrast preposition
Agent preposition
Preposition by construction
Simple preposition
Phrase preposition
Double preposition
Compound preposition
Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction
Correlative conjunction
Coordinating conjunction
Conjunctive adverbs
Interjections
Express calling interjection
Grammar Rules
Preference
Requests and offers
wishes
Be used to
Some and any
Could have done
Describing people
Giving advices
Possession
Comparative and superlative
Giving Reason
Making Suggestions
Apologizing
Forming questions
Since and for
Directions
Obligation
Adverbials
invitation
Articles
Imaginary condition
Zero conditional
First conditional
Second conditional
Third conditional
Reported speech
Linguistics
Phonetics
Phonology
Semantics
Pragmatics
Linguistics fields
Syntax
Morphology
Semantics
pragmatics
History
Writing
Grammar
Phonetics and Phonology
Semiotics
Reading Comprehension
Elementary
Intermediate
Advanced
Teaching Methods
Teaching Strategies
Current issues
المؤلف:
Renée Blake
المصدر:
A Handbook Of Varieties Of English Phonology
الجزء والصفحة:
505-29
2024-04-12
1060
Current issues
Today in Barbados, one still finds remnants of class and race stratification delineating the vestigial struggles of the colonial era. While black Barbadians have made social and economic strides, largely controlling the local political sector in the upper and middle classes, whites have near monopoly in the larger commercial sectors. Along these lines, class differences within the racial strata of the island are also evident. Within the scholarly literature on Barbados and other Anglophone islands, poor whites, although relatively small in number, are historically and socially placed in the national sphere, albeit as a mythical or oftentimes autonomous entity. Despite the social existing partitions, researchers note that Barbadian identity is tied to a strong sense of and commitment to a national identity and shared culture. Such portrayals are evident in the unofficial national slogan, “All O’ We Is One” [All of us are one]. However, the Bajan language, despite being viewed as the local national language, has been ideologically linked to the island’s black population. Blake’s (1997) research on a racially-mixed poor community in Barbados shows its black and white populations to speak the local vernacular in a typically creole manner, particularly regarding morphosyntactic features, with whites at times displaying even more creole-like behavior. The linguistic similarities of these two groups may be crucially linked to their socioeconomic status on the island, which can be located in the political economy.
Clearly, diachronic and synchronic studies of all aspects of the Bajan language are wanting. Rich areas for linguistic inquiry include internal and regional variation, contact-induced change, race relations, as well as changes due to the current social and political economy of the island. While the Bajan language has been adequately examined in terms of genesis arguments, it remains an area for research in terms of broader issues arising in creole studies and sociolinguistics.
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