Other Microminerals

Chromium (Cr) and fluorine (F) also play roles in the body. Cr potentiates the action of insulin by an unknown mechanism. It is found in fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and meat. F (as fluoride [F⁻]) is added to water in many parts of the world to reduce the incidence of dental caries (Fig. 1). F⁻ replaces the hydroxyl group of hydroxylapatite, forming fluoroapatite that is more resistant to the enamel-dissolving acid produced by mouth bacteria.

Figure 1:  Dental caries (cavities).