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Names and Properties of Alkyl Halides

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المصدر:  LibreTexts Project

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23-7-2019

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Names and Properties of Alkyl Halides

1. write the IUPAC name of a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, given its Kekulé, condensed or shorthand structure.
2. draw the Kekulé, condensed or shorthand structure of a halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon, given it IUPAC name.
3. write the IUPAC name and draw the Kekulé, condensed or shorthand structure of a simple alkyl halide, given a systematic, non-IUPAC name (e.g., sec-butyl iodide).
4. arrange a given series of carbon-halogen bonds in order of increasing or decreasing length and strength.

* Notes

This section contains little that is new. If you mastered the IUPAC nomenclature of alkanes, you should have little difficulty in naming alkyl halides. Notice that when a group such as CH₂Br must be regarded as a substituent, rather than as part of the main chain, we may use terms such as bromomethyl.

You will find it easier to understand the reactions of the alkyl halides if you keep the polarity of the C−X

bond fixed permanently in your mind (see ”The Polar C− X Bond” shown in the reading below).

Alkyl halides are also known as haloalkanes. This page explains what they are and discusses their physical properties. alkyl halides are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). We will only look at compounds containing one halogen atom. For example:

alkyl halides fall into different classes depending on how the halogen atom is positioned on the chain of carbon atoms. There are some chemical differences between the various types.