8:40:58 
2023-04-17 
805
“They’re all in trouble,” says Kenyan ecologist paula kahumbu. “All elephants are in major, major trouble.”
Populations of the three species have declined: savanna elephants, the largest land animals on the planet, trundling across sub-Saharan Africa; forest elephants, their straight-tusked cousins, navigating the shadows of Africa’s equatorial woodlands; and the smaller-eared asain elephants, about a third of which live in captivity.
And we’re to blame. We’ve expanded into elephant territory, building homes and roads, felling forests and planting crops. More cruelly, people have indulged their desire for ivory trinkets that come from a dead elephant’s tusk. Although elephants are difficult to count, one estimate suggests that the African continent may have been home to some 26 million elephants at the beginning of the 19th century. That number has since plummeted, becoming dangerously low in the past five decades, with the rise of poaching. Now there are as few as 415,000 elephants in Africa. In Asia, there may likely be only 50,000 in the wild.
Poaching doesn’t just destroy animals, says Kahumbu, CEO of the Kenyan conservation organization Wildlife Direct and a National geographic explorer; it undermines society. That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts, launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants with then Kenyan first lady Margaret Kenyatta, and educates children on the value of wildlife. Kahumbu’s goal is lofty and urgent: to change “the whole national consciousness about conservation.”
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